倒装句结构讲与练

倒装句结构讲与练

外语组  李琼英

“倒装句”主要指的是谓语语序的倒装,当然也有宾语和表语语序的倒装。将谓语的一部分提到主语之前叫部分倒装;将谓语的全部提到主语之前叫全部倒装。

　　一、 部分倒装

　　部分倒装是把be动词、情态动词、助动词放到主语之前。如果句子中没有这些词,要在主语之前加助动词do / does / did等,而把原来的谓语动词变成原形放在主语之后。部分倒装主要有以下几种情况:

　　1. 句首状语为否定词或半否定词的句子。

　　这类词或短语主要有never, neither, nor, little, seldom, rarely, hardly, scarcely, no sooner, not only, in no way, at no time, few, not, no，by no means等, 如:

　　Not a word did I say to him.

　　Never have I found him so happy.

　　Little does he care about what I said.

　　I can’t swim. Neither can he.

　　No sooner had he gone to bed than he fell asleep.

　　

　　2. only + 状语放在句首,要部分倒装。如:

　　Only by this means is it possible to explain it. (介词短语)

　　Only then did I realize the importance of math. (副词)

　　Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work. (从句)

　　

　　3. so或so引导的短语放在句首,要部分倒装。如:

　　I saw the film, so did she.

So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.

 

　　4. “Not only + 分句,but also + 分句”句型中的前一分句要部分倒装。如:

　　Not only does John love Chinese, he is also good at speaking it.

　　但not only...but also...连接主语时,不倒装。如:

　　Not only the mother but also the children are sick.

　

　　5. Not until放在句首,从句不倒装,主句倒装。如:

　　Not until last week did they find the lost bike. (简单句)

　　Not until my son had entered the university did he realize the importance of time. (复合句)

　　 I

　　6. as引导的让步状语从句。如:

　　Proud as these nobles are, he’s afraid to see me.

　　Tired as he was, he kept on running.

　　 

　　7. 在以often, well, many a time, now and again 等方式或频度副词(短语)开头的句子中,要用部分倒装结构。如:

　　Many a time has John given me good advice.

　　Often have we made that test.

　

　　二、 全部倒装

　　    全部倒装有以下几种情况:

1.      There be结构。另外,在此结构中可以用来代替be动词的动词有:exist, seem，happen, appear, live, rise, stand等。如:

　　There stood a dog before him.

　　There exist different opinions on this question.

　　

　　2. “Here, There, Now, Then + come (或be等) + 主语” 结构。

　　说明:本句型中there是副词,应重读,强调地点。而前一句型中的there是引导词,本身没意义。如:

　　Here comes the old lady!

　　Then came the hour we had been looking forward to.

　　There comes the bus.

　　Now comes your turn.

　　除了then引导的句子用过去式以外,其余的均用一般现在时,表示一种生动的描述。其次,如果主语是人称代词,就不用倒装。如:

　　Here you are.

　　There she comes.

　　

　　3. 表示方向的副词 away, off,  over, above, below, out, in, up, down等置于句首,要用全部倒装。如果主语是人称代词,就不用倒装 如:

　　In came Mr White.

　　Up went the arrow into the air.

Away went the boy.

In she came.

　　

　　4. “分词(代词) + be + 主语”结构。如:

　　Walking at the head of the line was our teacher.

　　Such was the story he told me.

　  

　　5. 表示地点的介词短语 (如on the wall, under the tree, in front of the house, in the middle of the room ,south of the city= in the south of the city等)放在句首时,要全部倒装。如:

　　On the top of the hill stands a pine tree.

In front of the classroom is a playground.

South of the city are two big towers.

　

　　巩固练习:（一）

　　1) Hardly ________ the airport when the plane took off.

　　  A. I had arrived at           B. had I arrived

　　  C. had I reached            D. I had got to

　　2) —Have you ever seen anything like that before?

—No, ________ anything like that before.

　　  A. I never have seen       B. never I have seen

C. never have I seen       D.  I have seen

　　3) She is not fond of cooking, ________ I.

　A. so am      B. nor am        C. neither       D. nor do

4) Only in this way ________ make progress in your English.

A. you                B. can you

C. you be able to       D. will you able to

　　5) Only when the meeting was over________ go back to meet his friend.

　　  A. he could                 B. he was able to

C. was he able to           D. was able to he　

6) I like sports and ________ my brother.

A. so does       B. so is      C. so can     D. so likes

　　7) The doctor told Charlie to breathe deeply and ________.

　　  A. so did Charlie                B. Charlie did so

C. Charlie does so              D. did Charlie so

　　8) So loudly ________ that ________ hear her clearly.

　　  A. did she speak; could everyone    B. did she speak; everyone could

C. she spoke; could everyone       D. she spoke; everyone could

9) ________ himself wrong, but his friends were wrong.

A. Not was only he               B. Not only he

C. Not only was he                D. Not only was

 

10) Not until the early years of the 19th century ________ know what heat is.

A. man did        B. man

　　 C. didn’t man       D. did man

　　11) Not until I began to work ________ realize how much time I had wasted.

　　A. didn’t I        B. did I       C. I didn’t        D. I

 12) ________, he’s honest.

A. As he is poor        B. Poor is he

C. Poor as he is        D. Poor as is he

13) Many a time ________ swimming alone.

A. the boy went              B. went the boy

C. did the boy go             D. did go the boy

 

巩固练习:（二）

 

1) ________ a beautiful palace ________ the foot of the hill.

A. There stand; at              B. There stands; under

C. Stands there; under          D. There stands; at

2) There ________. And here ________.

　A. goes the phone; she comes           B. is the phone going; is she

C. does the phone go; does she come    D. the phone goes; come she

3) Out ________, with a stick in his hand.

A. did he rush              B. rushed he

C. he rushed               D. he did rush

4) ________ from the top of the building when the policeman pointed the gun at him.

　　A. Jumped down the robber    B. Jumped the robber down

　　C. Down jumped the robber    D. Down the robber jumped

5) ________, a man of achievements, deep thoughts, but with simple habits.

　　A. Einstein was such       B. Such was Einstein

　　C. Einstein was so        D. So was Einstein

6) ________ are the days when teachers were looked down upon.

A. Gone     B. Go      C. To go       D. Going

7) Near the church ________ cottage.

　　A. was such an old           B. had a so old

　　C. was such old a            D. is so an old

key: 一、1)—5) CCBBC 6)—10) ABBCD 11)—13) BCC 二、1)—5) DACCB 6)—7) AA